Density
Marine fuel is physically ordered and delivered by volume but when invoiced to the customer it is sold by weight. This is achieved by a calculation based on the density of the fuel delivered and it is found that with large quantities of fuel significant losses can result if the supplier has over stated his density. With no fuel testing program in place the fuel purchaser will be unaware of the actual density of the fuel and will end up paying for what the delivered weight was based on the supplier's density as stated on the Bunker Delivery Note (BDN)
For example:
| Ordered bunker | = 1000 m/t |
| Suppliers density by their paperwork | = 990.0 kg/m3 at 15°C = 1010.10 m3 at 15°C |
| Tested density | = 970.0 kg/m3 |
| Actual delivery | = 979.8 m/t |
| Shortage of delivery | = 20.2 m/t = USD 11,110 (assuming at USD 550 m/t) |
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